Fabp4,即脂肪酸结合蛋白4,是一种在脂肪组织中高表达的蛋白,属于FABP家族成员。FABP4的主要功能是参与脂肪酸的转运和代谢,在脂肪细胞的成熟和脂肪沉积中发挥重要作用。FABP4在多种生物学过程中发挥作用,包括细胞分化、发育、代谢和疾病发生。
在肥胖和心血管疾病中,FABP4的表达和活性发生变化。研究表明,肥胖患者的FABP4水平升高,而冠心病患者的FABP4水平降低[1]。这表明FABP4在肥胖和心血管疾病的发生和发展中发挥重要作用。
FABP4还与代谢性疾病的发生和发展有关。研究发现,FABP4的表达和活性与胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病的发生密切相关[2]。FABP4的过度表达可以导致胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病的发生,而FABP4的抑制可以改善胰岛素敏感性并降低糖尿病的发生风险。
除了在代谢性疾病中的作用,FABP4还与癌症的发生和发展有关。研究发现,FABP4在非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)和非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)的发生和发展中发挥重要作用。FABP4的表达和活性与NAFLD/NASH向肝癌的转化密切相关[3]。此外,FABP4还与卵巢激素的分泌和繁殖功能有关[4]。研究发现,FABP4的表达和活性可以影响卵巢颗粒细胞的激素分泌,进而影响繁殖功能。
FABP4的基因变异也与多种生物学性状有关。研究发现,FABP4基因的变异可以影响家畜的生长和肉质性状[5,6]。此外,FABP4基因的变异还可以影响羊的生长和肉质性状[7,8]。这表明FABP4基因的变异在家畜的育种和改良中具有重要意义。
为了研究FABP4的功能和机制,研究人员开发了多种基因敲除和基因敲低技术。研究发现,FABP4的敲除和敲低可以改善肥胖和胰岛素抵抗,并降低癌症的发生风险[9]。这表明FABP4在肥胖、代谢性疾病和癌症的发生和发展中发挥重要作用。
综上所述,FABP4是一种重要的脂肪酸结合蛋白,参与脂肪酸的转运和代谢,在脂肪细胞的成熟和脂肪沉积中发挥重要作用。FABP4在肥胖、代谢性疾病和癌症的发生和发展中发挥重要作用,是研究肥胖、代谢性疾病和癌症发生机制和治疗策略的重要靶点。
参考文献:
1. Miroshnikova, Valentina V, Polyakova, Ekaterina A, Pobozheva, Irina A, Pchelina, Sofya N, Baranova, Elena I. 2021. FABP4 and omentin-1 gene expression in epicardial adipose tissue from coronary artery disease patients. In Genetics and molecular biology, 44, e20200441. doi:10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2020-0441. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34609443/
2. Yang, Haoran, Deng, Qingmei, Ni, Tun, Wang, Hongzhi, Yang, Wulin. 2021. Targeted Inhibition of LPL/FABP4/CPT1 fatty acid metabolic axis can effectively prevent the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to liver cancer. In International journal of biological sciences, 17, 4207-4222. doi:10.7150/ijbs.64714. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34803493/
3. Cohen-Zinder, Miri, Lipkin, Ehud, Shor-Shimoni, Einav, Miron, Joshua, Shabtay, Ariel. 2019. FABP4 gene has a very large effect on feed efficiency in lactating Israeli Holstein cows. In Physiological genomics, 51, 481-487. doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00051.2019. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31373885/
4. Lei, Cai-Xia, Xie, Yu-Jing, Li, Sheng-Jie, Du, Jin-Xing, Tian, Jing-Jing. 2022. Fabp4 contributes toward regulating inflammatory gene expression and oxidative stress in Ctenopharyngodon idella. In Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology, 259, 110715. doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110715. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34999220/
5. Fan, R, Cao, Z, Chen, M, Gao, M, Luan, X. 2020. Effects of the FABP4 gene on steroid hormone secretion in goose ovarian granulosa cells. In British poultry science, 62, 81-91. doi:10.1080/00071668.2020.1817325. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32875818/
6. Yan, Wei, Zhou, Huitong, Hu, Jiang, Luo, Yuzhu, Hickford, Jon G H. 2018. Variation in the FABP4 gene affects carcass and growth traits in sheep. In Meat science, 145, 334-339. doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.07.007. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30015163/
7. Chung, Jee Young, Hong, Juhyeong, Kim, Hyung-Jin, Lee, Jieun, Kim, Yong-Hee. 2021. White adipocyte-targeted dual gene silencing of FABP4/5 for anti-obesity, anti-inflammation and reversal of insulin resistance: Efficacy and comparison of administration routes. In Biomaterials, 279, 121209. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121209. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34700224/
8. Shafey, Heba Ibrahim, Mahrous, Karima Fathy, Hassan, Amal Ahmed Mohamed, Rushdi, Hossam Eldin, Ibrahim, Mohamed Abd El-Aziz Mohamed. 2020. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in FABP4 gene associated with growth traits in Egyptian sheep. In Veterinary world, 13, 1126-1132. doi:10.14202/vetworld.2020.1126-1132. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32801563/
9. Bag, Susmita, Ramaiah, Sudha, Anbarasu, Anand. 2014. fabp4 is central to eight obesity associated genes: a functional gene network-based polymorphic study. In Journal of theoretical biology, 364, 344-54. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.09.034. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25280936/