CXCL9,也称为C-X-C趋化因子配体9,是一种重要的趋化因子,属于C-X-C趋化因子家族。CXCL9通过与其受体CXCR3结合,参与免疫细胞(特别是T细胞)的招募和迁移,在免疫应答和炎症过程中发挥关键作用。CXCL9的基因表达受多种细胞因子和转录因子的调控,例如干扰素γ(IFNγ)和干扰素调节因子1(IRF1)。CXCL9在多种免疫相关疾病中发挥重要作用,包括自身免疫性疾病、感染性疾病和肿瘤。
在自身免疫性疾病中,CXCL9的表达与疾病的严重程度和预后相关。例如,在系统性硬化症(SSc)中,CXCL9的表达水平与疾病的炎症和纤维化程度相关[5]。在肝纤维化中,CXCL9的表达与免疫细胞浸润和炎症反应相关[6]。此外,CXCL9的表达还与Sjögren's综合征(pSS)的预后相关,高水平的CXCL9表达与较好的预后相关[3]。
在感染性疾病中,CXCL9的表达参与免疫细胞对病原体的清除。例如,在慢性乙型肝炎中,CXCL9的表达水平与病毒的清除和疾病的恢复相关[7]。此外,CXCL9的表达还与HIV感染者的病毒载量和免疫状态相关[8]。
在肿瘤中,CXCL9的表达与肿瘤的微环境和免疫反应相关。例如,在宫颈癌中,CXCL9的表达与M1巨噬细胞的浸润水平和患者的预后相关[2]。在淋巴瘤中,CXCL9的表达与疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断相关[1]。此外,CXCL9的表达还与肿瘤对免疫治疗的反应相关,例如免疫检查点阻断疗法[4]。
综上所述,CXCL9是一种重要的趋化因子,在免疫应答和炎症过程中发挥关键作用。CXCL9的表达与多种免疫相关疾病和肿瘤的发病机制和预后相关。CXCL9的研究有助于深入理解免疫细胞迁移和炎症反应的机制,为疾病的诊断、治疗和预防提供新的思路和策略。
参考文献:
1. Yuan, Chang-Tsu, Huang, Wan-Ting, Hsu, Chia-Lang, Chen, Yee-Chun, Chang, Shan-Chwen. 2023. CXCL9 as a Reliable Biomarker for Discriminating Anti-IFN-γ-Autoantibody-Associated Lymphadenopathy that Mimics Lymphoma. In Journal of clinical immunology, 44, 35. doi:10.1007/s10875-023-01643-z. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38153613/
2. Liao, Wenxin, Liu, Tingting, Li, Yang, Deng, Juexiao, Shen, Fujin. 2024. The bioinfomatics analysis of the M1 macrophage-related gene CXCL9 signature in cervical cancer. In Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 44, 2373951. doi:10.1080/01443615.2024.2373951. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38963237/
3. Hong, Jingwei, Cheng, Hui, Wang, Ping, Wang, Xiao Bing, Zhu, Xiaofang. 2024. CXCL9 may serve as a potential biomarker for primary Sjögren's syndrome with extra-glandular manifestations. In Arthritis research & therapy, 26, 26. doi:10.1186/s13075-023-03229-x. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38229121/
4. House, Imran G, Derrick, Emily B, Sek, Kevin, Darcy, Phillip K, Beavis, Paul A. 2023. CRISPR-Cas9 screening identifies an IRF1-SOCS1-mediated negative feedback loop that limits CXCL9 expression and antitumor immunity. In Cell reports, 42, 113014. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113014. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37605534/
5. Werner, Giffin, Sanyal, Anwesha, Mirizio, Emily, Jacobe, Heidi, Torok, Kathryn S. 2023. Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Subclusters with Inflammatory Fibroblast Responses in Localized Scleroderma. In International journal of molecular sciences, 24, . doi:10.3390/ijms24129796. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37372943/
6. Bai, Yan-Ming, Liang, Shuang, Zhou, Bo. 2023. Revealing immune infiltrate characteristics and potential immune-related genes in hepatic fibrosis: based on bioinformatics, transcriptomics and q-PCR experiments. In Frontiers in immunology, 14, 1133543. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133543. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37122694/
7. Valdés, Natalia, Cortés, Marcos, Barraza, Felipe, Reyes-López, Felipe E, Imarai, Mónica. 2022. CXCL9-11 chemokines and CXCR3 receptor in teleost fish species. In Fish and shellfish immunology reports, 3, 100068. doi:10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100068. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36569039/