SRGN,全称为Serglycin,是一种在免疫细胞中表达的蛋白聚糖。它由位于染色体1q22上的基因编码,是一种具有多个硫酸软骨素链的糖蛋白,这些链在蛋白质上以共价键的形式存在。SRGN在免疫细胞的功能中扮演着重要角色,特别是在调节免疫反应和炎症过程中[1]。
SRGN在多种疾病过程中表现出重要作用,包括缺血性脑损伤、动脉粥样硬化、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎、肺癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌和房颤等[2-10]。在缺血性脑损伤中,SRGN的表达在缺血性小鼠脑组织中显著升高,尤其是在小胶质细胞中。SRGN基因敲除(KO)小鼠的脑损伤程度减轻,而外源性SRGN补充则加重了脑损伤,表明SRGN在缺血性脑损伤中具有负面的作用[1]。在动脉粥样硬化中,SRGN作为一种新的机械敏感性基因,在血管内皮细胞中响应异常的壁剪切应力,其表达升高可能与动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成有关[2]。
在非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)中,SRGN被认为是与NASH状态显著相关的免疫分子标记之一,其在免疫反应模块中显示出高度关联。在单细胞RNA-seq分析中,SRGN在多种免疫细胞中表达,如巨噬细胞、自然杀伤细胞、树突状细胞、T细胞和B细胞[3]。在肺癌中,SRGN在TTF-1阴性肺癌细胞系中显著过表达,并与肿瘤细胞的侵袭性和免疫抑制表型相关。SRGN通过调节PD-L1的表达和促进炎症细胞因子的产生,参与了肿瘤-基质相互作用和肿瘤微环境的形成[4]。在结直肠癌中,SRGN作为HIF-1α的下游靶点,通过调节细胞的迁移和侵袭性,在肿瘤的转移中发挥关键作用[5]。在乳腺癌中,SRGN与TGFβ2相互作用,通过自分泌和旁分泌途径调节TNBC的转移[6]。在房颤和心衰中,SRGN被发现是与其他疾病相关基因共同诊断的生物标志物之一[7]。在肥胖症中,SRGN在脂肪组织炎症中发挥作用,其表达与肥胖小鼠中巨噬细胞数量和炎症相关基因的表达呈正相关[8]。在鼻咽癌中,SRGN通过与STAT3、FoxO1、miR-148a-5p和CREB1的相互作用,促进了肿瘤的生长和转移[9]。在间歇性禁食中,SRGN的表达水平在禁食后显著降低,表明其在代谢综合征和癌症发生中可能具有潜在的治疗价值[10]。
综上所述,SRGN作为一种重要的蛋白聚糖,在多种疾病中发挥重要作用,包括缺血性脑损伤、动脉粥样硬化、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎、肺癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌和房颤等。SRGN通过参与免疫反应、炎症过程、肿瘤微环境形成和细胞迁移等途径,影响疾病的发生和发展。这些发现为SRGN在疾病诊断和治疗中的应用提供了新的思路和策略。
参考文献:
1. Qian, Yi, Yang, Lixuan, Chen, Jian, Chen, Yan, Xu, Yun. 2024. SRGN amplifies microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and exacerbates ischemic brain injury. In Journal of neuroinflammation, 21, 35. doi:10.1186/s12974-024-03026-6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38287411/
2. Ma, Qinfeng, Gu, Wei, Li, Tianhan, Qiu, Juhui, Wang, Guixue. 2020. SRGN, a new identified shear-stress-responsive gene in endothelial cells. In Molecular and cellular biochemistry, 474, 15-26. doi:10.1007/s11010-020-03830-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32712749/
3. Zhang, Jun-Jie, Shen, Yan, Chen, Xiao-Yuan, Zhang, Jie, Xu, Fei. 2023. Integrative network-based analysis on multiple Gene Expression Omnibus datasets identifies novel immune molecular markers implicated in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In Frontiers in endocrinology, 14, 1115890. doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1115890. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37008925/
4. Tanaka, Ichidai, Dayde, Delphine, Tai, Mei Chee, Hanash, Samir, Taguchi, Ayumu. . SRGN-Triggered Aggressive and Immunosuppressive Phenotype in a Subset of TTF-1-Negative Lung Adenocarcinomas. In Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 114, 290-301. doi:10.1093/jnci/djab183. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34524427/
5. Xu, Yang, Xu, Jie, Yang, Yanfang, Li, Xubin, Zhao, Weipeng. 2018. SRGN Promotes Colorectal Cancer Metastasis as a Critical Downstream Target of HIF-1α. In Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology, 48, 2429-2440. doi:10.1159/000492657. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30121667/
6. Zhang, Z, Deng, Y, Zheng, G, Gu, Y, He, Z. 2017. SRGN-TGFβ2 regulatory loop confers invasion and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer. In Oncogenesis, 6, e360. doi:10.1038/oncsis.2017.53. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28692037/
7. Zhang, Zhijun, Ding, Jianying, Mi, Xiaolong, Zhao, Bingye, Li, Xuewen. 2024. Identification of common mechanisms and biomarkers of atrial fibrillation and heart failure based on machine learning. In ESC heart failure, 11, 2323-2333. doi:10.1002/ehf2.14799. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38656659/
8. Doncheva, Atanaska I, Norheim, Frode A, Hjorth, Marit, Pejler, Gunnar, Kolset, Svein O. 2021. Serglycin Is Involved in Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Obesity. In Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 208, 121-132. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.2100231. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34872979/
9. Wang, Yong-Li, Ren, Dan, Lu, Jin-Long, Liu, Fei, Qu, Shen-Hong. 2022. STAT3 regulates SRGN and promotes metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through the FoxO1-miR-148a-5p-CREB1 axis. In Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology, 102, 919-934. doi:10.1038/s41374-022-00733-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35562411/
10. Mindikoglu, Ayse L, Abdulsada, Mustafa M, Jain, Antrix, Opekun, Antone R, Jung, Sung Yun. 2020. Intermittent fasting from dawn to sunset for four consecutive weeks induces anticancer serum proteome response and improves metabolic syndrome. In Scientific reports, 10, 18341. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-73767-w. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33110154/