S100A4,也称为Mts1,是S100蛋白家族中的一员。S100蛋白是一类小分子钙结合蛋白,参与调节细胞内的钙信号传导和细胞间通讯。S100A4具有多种功能,包括细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭和细胞凋亡等。S100A4在多种生物学过程中发挥作用,包括细胞分化、发育、代谢和疾病发生。
S100A4在多种癌症中发挥重要作用,包括肝癌、甲状腺癌、子宫内膜癌和结直肠癌等。在肝癌中,来自高度转移性肝癌细胞的细胞外囊泡中的S100A4蛋白可以促进低转移性肝癌细胞的侵袭和转移[1]。在甲状腺癌中,S100A4的过表达与甲状腺肿瘤的侵袭和转移相关[3]。在子宫内膜癌中,S100A4的过表达可以促进子宫内膜癌细胞的增殖,而抑制S100A4的表达可以促进子宫内膜癌细胞的凋亡[4]。在结直肠癌中,S100A4是β-catenin/T细胞因子信号通路的靶基因,其表达与结直肠癌的转移相关[6]。
除了在癌症中的作用,S100A4还在其他疾病中发挥重要作用。在缺氧诱导的视网膜病变中,S100A4的沉默可以抑制视网膜新生血管的形成[2]。在系统性硬化中,S100A4的过表达与疾病的严重程度相关,并且可能是一种新的治疗靶点[7]。在胸主动脉夹层中,S100A4的过表达可以加剧胸主动脉夹层的进展,而抑制S100A4的表达可以显著改善胸主动脉夹层的进展[5]。
综上所述,S100A4是一种重要的S100蛋白家族成员,参与调节细胞内的钙信号传导和细胞间通讯。S100A4在多种疾病中发挥重要作用,包括癌症、视网膜病变、系统性硬化和胸主动脉夹层等。S100A4的研究有助于深入理解S100蛋白的生物学功能和疾病发生机制,为疾病的治疗和预防提供新的思路和策略。
参考文献:
1. Sun, Haoting, Wang, Chaoqun, Hu, Beiyuan, Dong, Qiongzhu, Qin, Lunxiu. 2021. Exosomal S100A4 derived from highly metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma cells promotes metastasis by activating STAT3. In Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 6, 187. doi:10.1038/s41392-021-00579-3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34035222/
2. Cheng, Gumeng, Tian, Kailin, Zhang, Lu, Xing, Yiqiao, He, Tao. 2015. S100A4 gene silencing in oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy inhibits retinal neovascularization via down-regulation of CREB expression. In Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 254, 97-108. doi:10.1007/s00417-015-3158-0. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26358273/
3. Zou, M, Al-Baradie, R S, Al-Hindi, H, Farid, N R, Shi, Y. . S100A4 (Mts1) gene overexpression is associated with invasion and metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. In British journal of cancer, 93, 1277-84. doi:. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16265347/
4. Ren, W, Chi, Y B, Sun, J L. 2020. Effect of shRNA-mediated regulation of S100A4 gene expression on proliferation and apoptosis of KLE endometrial cancer cells. In Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico, 23, 148-154. doi:10.1007/s12094-020-02406-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32472453/
5. Shi, Jiajun, Yu, Wenjun, Liang, Chuan, Dong, Zhe, Liu, Jinping. 2024. S100A4 Is a Key Facilitator of Thoracic Aortic Dissection. In International journal of biological sciences, 20, 29-46. doi:10.7150/ijbs.83091. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38164183/
6. Stein, Ulrike, Arlt, Franziska, Walther, Wolfgang, Schlag, Peter M, Shoemaker, Robert H. 2006. The metastasis-associated gene S100A4 is a novel target of beta-catenin/T-cell factor signaling in colon cancer. In Gastroenterology, 131, 1486-500. doi:. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17101323/
7. Denton, Christopher P, Xu, Shiwen, Zhang, Fenge, Hallén, Jonas, Ong, Voon H. 2023. Clinical and pathogenic significance of S100A4 overexpression in systemic sclerosis. In Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 82, 1205-1217. doi:10.1136/ard-2023-223862. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37414521/