Rhbdf2,也称为Rhomboid 5同源物2(IRHom2),是一种编码iRhom2蛋白的基因。iRhom2是一种属于rhomboid超家族的蛋白,具有一个长的细胞质N端和一个不活跃的蛋白酶结构域。iRhom2的主要功能是作为ADAM17金属蛋白酶的调节因子,影响肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的成熟和释放。此外,iRhom2还参与表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)信号通路的调节,影响细胞增殖、迁移和伤口愈合等生物学过程。
在多种疾病中,Rhbdf2基因的表达和功能发生了显著变化。例如,在肾细胞癌中,高水平的Rhbdf2基因表达与不良预后相关,沉默Rhbdf2基因可以显著降低癌细胞增殖和迁移能力[1]。在非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)中,Trim31蛋白可以靶向Rhbdf2并促进其降解,从而减轻NAFLD相关的病理过程[2]。在肝细胞癌中,Rhbdf2表达上调与肿瘤分期、淋巴结转移和P53突变相关,并可能与免疫细胞浸润有关[3]。此外,在乳腺癌中,Rhbdf2基因的剪接变异体在不同阶段的肿瘤生长和转移中发挥不同的作用,影响EGFR信号通路[4]。在阿尔茨海默病中,Rhbdf2表达上调,可能与免疫反应和信号通路相关[5]。在关节炎中,Rhbdf2基因敲除可以减轻胶原诱导性关节炎的严重程度,可能与TNF-α的释放相关[6]。在免疫缺陷病中,Rhbdf2基因的突变导致iRhom2功能障碍,影响ADAM17依赖性细胞因子的释放,导致感染性疾病[7]。在皮肤疾病中,Rhbdf2基因的突变可以导致皮肤过度增生和加速伤口愈合,可能与EGFR信号通路和NRF2抗氧化途径相关[8][9][10]。
综上所述,Rhbdf2基因在多种疾病中发挥重要作用,包括肿瘤、代谢性疾病、神经退行性疾病和自身免疫性疾病。Rhbdf2基因的功能可能与EGFR信号通路、TNF-α释放、免疫细胞浸润和NRF2抗氧化途径等相关。Rhbdf2基因的研究有助于深入理解其生物学功能和疾病发生机制,为疾病的治疗和预防提供新的思路和策略。
参考文献:
1. Wang, Lei, Liu, Xiu-Xiu, Yang, Yu-Meng, Li, Lu-Yuan, Zhang, Zhi-Song. 2021. RHBDF2 gene functions are correlated to facilitated renal clear cell carcinoma progression. In Cancer cell international, 21, 590. doi:10.1186/s12935-021-02277-0. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34736454/
2. Xu, Minxuan, Tan, Jun, Dong, Wei, Zhang, Chufeng, Wang, Bochu. 2022. The E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Trim31 alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by targeting Rhbdf2 in mouse hepatocytes. In Nature communications, 13, 1052. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28641-w. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35217669/
3. Gong, Hanjuan, Xie, Hailun, Huangfu, Zhimin, Li, Ming, Wang, Yalan. 2023. RHBDF2 is correlated with immune infiltrates in hepatocellular carcinoma and may have potential as a biomarker. In FEBS open bio, 13, 881-897. doi:10.1002/2211-5463.13598. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36943228/
4. Masood, Mehar, Masood, Madahiah Bint E, Us Subah, Noor, Paracha, Rehan Zafar, Rafiq, Mehak. 2022. Investigating isoform switching in RHBDF2 and its role in neoplastic growth in breast cancer. In PeerJ, 10, e14124. doi:10.7717/peerj.14124. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36452073/
5. Zhang, Guimei, Sun, Shuo, Wang, Yingying, Zhao, Yang, Sun, Li. 2024. Unveiling Immune-related feature genes for Alzheimer's disease based on machine learning. In Frontiers in immunology, 15, 1333666. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1333666. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38915415/
6. Lee, Min-Young, Kang, Ju-Seong, Go, Ryeo-Eun, Choi, Kyung-Chul, Nam, Ki-Hoan. . Collagen-Induced Arthritis Analysis in Rhbdf2 Knockout Mouse. In Biomolecules & therapeutics, 26, 298-305. doi:10.4062/biomolther.2017.103. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29223140/
7. Kubo, Satoshi, Fritz, Jill M, Raquer-McKay, Hayley M, Lo, Bernice, Lenardo, Michael J. 2021. Congenital iRHOM2 deficiency causes ADAM17 dysfunction and environmentally directed immunodysregulatory disease. In Nature immunology, 23, 75-85. doi:10.1038/s41590-021-01093-y. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34937930/
8. Hosur, Vishnu, Lyons, Bonnie L, Burzenski, Lisa M, Shultz, Leonard D. 2017. Tissue-specific role of RHBDF2 in cutaneous wound healing and hyperproliferative skin disease. In BMC research notes, 10, 573. doi:10.1186/s13104-017-2899-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29116018/
9. Hosur, Vishnu, Burzenski, Lisa M, Stearns, Timothy M, Wiles, Michael V, Shultz, Leonard D. 2017. Early induction of NRF2 antioxidant pathway by RHBDF2 mediates rapid cutaneous wound healing. In Experimental and molecular pathology, 102, 337-346. doi:10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.03.003. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28268192/
10. Hosur, Vishnu, Johnson, Kenneth R, Burzenski, Lisa M, Maser, Richard S, Shultz, Leonard D. 2014. Rhbdf2 mutations increase its protein stability and drive EGFR hyperactivation through enhanced secretion of amphiregulin. In Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111, E2200-9. doi:10.1073/pnas.1323908111. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24825892/