RTN4IP1,也称为Optic Atrophy-10(OPA10),是一种重要的基因,编码一个线粒体泛醌氧化还原酶,该酶与线粒体抗氧化NADPH氧化还原酶有关。该基因的表达和功能在多种疾病中发挥重要作用,包括乳腺癌、甲状腺癌和神经退行性疾病。
在乳腺癌中,RTN4IP1表达上调,与不良预后有关。研究发现,RTN4IP1与雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)和人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)状态显著相关。RTN4IP1高表达的乳腺癌患者具有更差的疾病特异性生存率,这表明RTN4IP1可能是一种潜在的预后生物标志物[2]。此外,RTN4IP1还与乳腺癌的浸润和转移有关,其表达上调与浸润性导管癌、浸润性小叶癌、II期、III和IV期以及Luminal A亚型相关[2]。
在甲状腺癌中,RTN4IP1表达下调,具有肿瘤抑制作用。研究发现,RTN4IP1 mRNA表达在滤泡性和乳头状甲状腺癌中显著下调,与正常、增生和良性甲状腺肿瘤相比。此外,RTN4IP1 mRNA表达与较大的乳头状甲状腺癌相关。敲低RTN4IP1表达可增加细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移、集落形成和肿瘤球体形成,这表明RTN4IP1可能是一种肿瘤抑制因子,并可能调节甲状腺癌的进展[5]。
在神经退行性疾病中,RTN4IP1突变与多种神经系统疾病相关。研究发现,RTN4IP1突变与早期发病的视神经萎缩、脑萎缩和脑病有关。受影响的个体表现出智力障碍、脑病、共济失调、视神经萎缩和癫痫等症状。此外,RTN4IP1突变还与其他神经系统疾病相关,如听力障碍、脑部磁共振成像异常、呼吸困难和不正常的脑电图模式[1,3,4,6,7]。这些发现表明,RTN4IP1在维持线粒体功能和神经系统健康中发挥着重要作用。
总之,RTN4IP1是一种重要的基因,编码一个线粒体泛醌氧化还原酶。该基因的表达和功能在多种疾病中发挥重要作用,包括乳腺癌、甲状腺癌和神经退行性疾病。在乳腺癌中,RTN4IP1表达上调,与不良预后相关。在甲状腺癌中,RTN4IP1表达下调,具有肿瘤抑制作用。在神经退行性疾病中,RTN4IP1突变与多种神经系统疾病相关。深入研究RTN4IP1的功能和调控机制,有助于理解其在疾病发生和发展中的作用,为疾病的治疗和预防提供新的思路和策略。
参考文献:
1. Aldosary, Mazhor, Alsagob, Maysoon, AlQudairy, Hanan, AlOwain, Mohammed, Kaya, Namik. 2022. A Novel Homozygous Founder Variant of RTN4IP1 in Two Consanguineous Saudi Families. In Cells, 11, . doi:10.3390/cells11193154. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36231115/
2. Wang, Xiu, Li, Xinyu, Jiang, Wenying. 2023. High expression of RTN4IP1 predicts adverse prognosis for patients with breast cancer. In Translational cancer research, 12, 859-872. doi:10.21037/tcr-22-2350. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37180657/
3. Zou, Xiao-Huan, Guo, Xin-Xin, Su, Hui-Zhen, Chen, Wan-Jin, Zhang, Qi-Jie. 2019. Whole Exome Sequencing Identifies Two Novel Mutations in the Reticulon 4-Interacting Protein 1 Gene in a Chinese Family with Autosomal Recessive Optic Neuropathies. In Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN, 68, 640-646. doi:10.1007/s12031-019-01319-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31077085/
4. Charif, Majida, Nasca, Alessia, Thompson, Kyle, Amati-Bonneau, Patrizia, Lenaers, Guy. . Neurologic Phenotypes Associated With Mutations in RTN4IP1 (OPA10) in Children and Young Adults. In JAMA neurology, 75, 105-113. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.2065. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29181510/
5. Rahbari, Reza, Kitano, Mio, Zhang, Lisa, Bommareddi, Swaroop, Kebebew, Electron. 2013. RTN4IP1 is down-regulated in thyroid cancer and has tumor-suppressive function. In The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 98, E446-54. doi:10.1210/jc.2012-3180. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23393170/
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7. D'Gama, Alissa M, England, Eleina, Madden, Jill A, Prabhu, Sanjay P, Agrawal, Pankaj B. 2020. Exome sequencing identifies novel missense and deletion variants in RTN4IP1 associated with optic atrophy, global developmental delay, epilepsy, ataxia, and choreoathetosis. In American journal of medical genetics. Part A, 185, 203-207. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.61910. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33037779/