Ccl4,即C-C趋化因子配体4,是一种由巨噬细胞分泌的细胞因子,属于趋化因子家族。它具有广泛的生物学功能,包括调节炎症反应、免疫应答、细胞迁移和肿瘤发生等。Ccl4与受体CCR5结合后,可以激活下游信号通路,如NF-κB和PI3K/AKT信号通路,进而影响基因表达和细胞功能。
在肝脏疾病中,Ccl4的表达水平与肝脏纤维化、酒精性肝病和肝细胞癌等疾病的发生发展密切相关。研究表明,Ccl4可以促进肝星状细胞(HSCs)的活化和迁移,导致胶原蛋白的沉积和肝脏纤维化的发生[1]。此外,Ccl4还可以增强巨噬细胞的炎症反应,加重肝脏损伤[2]。
Ccl4基因的遗传多态性也与口腔癌和肝细胞癌的易感性相关。研究发现,Ccl4基因的rs1634507和rs10491121位点的多态性与口腔癌的发生风险相关,而rs10491121位点的多态性与肝细胞癌的发生风险相关[3,4]。这表明Ccl4基因的遗传变异可能影响个体对癌症的易感性。
除了在肝脏疾病和癌症中的作用外,Ccl4还在其他疾病中发挥重要作用。例如,Ccl4可以促进破骨细胞的迁移和侵袭,导致骨吸收和骨量减少[5]。此外,Ccl4还可以影响软骨细胞的生物学功能,参与骨关节炎的发生发展[6]。
综上所述,Ccl4是一种重要的细胞因子,参与调节多种生物学过程和疾病的发生发展。Ccl4在肝脏疾病、癌症、骨代谢和骨关节炎等疾病中的作用机制有待进一步深入研究,为疾病的治疗和预防提供新的思路和策略。
参考文献:
1. Zhang, Lijun, Liu, Chuhe, Yin, Liufang, Huang, Cheng, Fan, Shengjie. 2023. Mangiferin relieves CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice. In Scientific reports, 13, 4172. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-30582-3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36914687/
2. Dong, Shu, Chen, Qi-Long, Song, Ya-Nan, Liu, Ping, Su, Shi-Bing. . Mechanisms of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis with combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. In The Journal of toxicological sciences, 41, 561-72. doi:10.2131/jts.41.561. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27452039/
3. Lien, Ming-Yu, Lin, Chiao-Wen, Tsai, Hsiao-Chi, Yang, Shun-Fa, Tang, Chih-Hsin. . Impact of CCL4 gene polymorphisms and environmental factors on oral cancer development and clinical characteristics. In Oncotarget, 8, 31424-31434. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.15615. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28404909/
4. Wang, Bin, Chou, Ying-Erh, Lien, Ming-Yu, Yang, Shun-Fa, Tang, Chih-Hsin. 2017. Impacts of CCL4 gene polymorphisms on hepatocellular carcinoma susceptibility and development. In International journal of medical sciences, 14, 880-884. doi:10.7150/ijms.19620. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28824325/
5. Zhang, Kefeng, Cao, Houkang, Gao, Ya, Wei, Riming, Jin, Ling. . Marchantia polymorpha L. Flavonoids Protect Liver From CCl4-Induced Injury by Antioxidant and Gene-Regulatory Effects. In Alternative therapies in health and medicine, 28, 34-41. doi:. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33128532/
6. Cao, Zhiwen, Lu, Peipei, Li, Li, Tan, Yong, Lu, Cheng. 2023. Bioinformatics-led discovery of liver-specific genes and macrophage infiltration in acute liver injury. In Frontiers in immunology, 14, 1287136. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1287136. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38130716/