基因LY6A,也称为Sca-1,是LY6/Ly6(淋巴细胞抗原6)家族的一员,编码一种细胞表面蛋白,属于细胞表面标记物中的LU(Ly-6和uPAR)结构域蛋白家族。LY6A在细胞分化、发育和疾病发生过程中发挥重要作用,特别是在干细胞和肿瘤细胞中。研究表明,LY6A在多种细胞类型中表达,包括干细胞、免疫细胞和肿瘤细胞,参与调控细胞增殖、分化和凋亡等生物学过程。
LY6A在肿瘤发生发展中发挥重要作用。研究发现,LY6A在垂体肿瘤中异常表达,可能与肿瘤的发生发展有关[1]。此外,LY6A在肠癌发生过程中也发挥重要作用,通过调控细胞状态可塑性促进肿瘤的发生[5]。此外,LY6A在过血管脂肪组织中表达,参与调节脂肪细胞的形成和功能[2]。
LY6A在神经系统中也发挥重要作用。研究发现,LY6A在小鼠海马区基因表达分析中被确定为候选基因,参与调节新奇诱导的行为[3]。此外,LY6A在骨组织中表达,参与调节骨骼干细胞和祖细胞的分化和功能[4]。
LY6A在病毒感染和炎症反应中也发挥重要作用。研究发现,LY6A在小鼠脾脏细胞中表达,与炎症和病毒抵抗力相关[7]。此外,LY6A是腺相关病毒(AAV)载体进入中枢神经系统的重要受体,通过工程化改造AAV载体,可以增强其跨血脑屏障的能力,为神经系统疾病的治疗提供新的策略[6,8,9]。
综上所述,基因LY6A在细胞分化、发育和疾病发生过程中发挥重要作用。LY6A在肿瘤、神经系统疾病和病毒感染等疾病中具有潜在的治疗价值,为疾病的治疗和预防提供新的思路和策略。
参考文献:
1. Liu, Dan, Xu, Chunhui, Liu, Yanting, Wu, Zhe Bao, Sun, Xiaojian. 2023. A systematic survey of LU domain-containing proteins reveals a novel human gene, LY6A, which encodes the candidate ortholog of mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1 and is aberrantly expressed in pituitary tumors. In Frontiers of medicine, 17, 458-475. doi:10.1007/s11684-022-0968-4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36928550/
2. Angueira, Anthony R, Sakers, Alexander P, Holman, Corey D, Liaw, Lucy, Seale, Patrick. 2021. Defining the lineage of thermogenic perivascular adipose tissue. In Nature metabolism, 3, 469-484. doi:10.1038/s42255-021-00380-0. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33846639/
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4. Mo, Chunyang, Guo, Jingxin, Qin, Jiachen, Shen, Li, Yue, Rui. 2021. Single-cell transcriptomics of LepR-positive skeletal cells reveals heterogeneous stress-dependent stem and progenitor pools. In The EMBO journal, 41, e108415. doi:10.15252/embj.2021108415. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34957577/
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6. Shay, Timothy F, Sullivan, Erin E, Ding, Xiaozhe, Lam, Annie W, Gradinaru, Viviana. 2023. Primate-conserved carbonic anhydrase IV and murine-restricted LY6C1 enable blood-brain barrier crossing by engineered viral vectors. In Science advances, 9, eadg6618. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adg6618. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37075114/
7. Shmerling, Moriya, Chalik, Michael, Smorodinsky, Nechama I, Witz, Isaac P, Wreschner, Daniel H. 2022. LY6S, a New IFN-Inducible Human Member of the Ly6a Subfamily Expressed by Spleen Cells and Associated with Inflammation and Viral Resistance. In ImmunoHorizons, 6, 253-272. doi:10.4049/immunohorizons.2200018. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35440514/
8. Huang, Qin, Chan, Ken Y, Tobey, Isabelle G, Seed, Cotton, Deverman, Benjamin E. 2019. Delivering genes across the blood-brain barrier: LY6A, a novel cellular receptor for AAV-PHP.B capsids. In PloS one, 14, e0225206. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0225206. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31725765/
9. Drouyer, Matthieu, Merjane, Jessica, Nazareth, Deborah, Alexander, Ian E, Lisowski, Leszek. 2024. Development of CNS tropic AAV1-like variants with reduced liver-targeting following systemic administration in mice. In Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 32, 818-836. doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.01.024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38297833/