F11基因编码的是凝血因子XI(FXI),这是一种重要的丝氨酸蛋白酶,在血液凝固过程中发挥关键作用。FXI在凝血级联反应中起着连接内源性和外源性凝血途径的作用,其活性对维持血液凝固和防止出血至关重要。FXI的缺陷会导致出血倾向,而FXI水平升高则与静脉血栓形成风险增加相关[1]。
研究显示,F11基因的复制会导致FXI血浆水平的升高,从而增加静脉血栓形成的风险。这表明F11基因的变异与血栓形成之间存在关联[1]。在脑静脉血栓形成(CVT)的研究中,F11基因与ABO基因之间存在基因-基因相互作用,这种相互作用增加了CVT的风险[3]。此外,F11基因的突变也与遗传性FXI缺乏症相关,这是一种罕见的遗传性出血性疾病,表现为凝血功能障碍和出血倾向[4][6][7]。
全基因组关联研究(GWAS)揭示了与中风风险相关的多个基因位点,其中F11基因被认为是潜在的治疗靶点。中风是全球第二大致死原因,其遗传因素的研究对于药物发现和风险预测具有重要意义[2]。通过整合蛋白质组和转录组数据,研究发现了与中风及其亚型相关的因果基因,其中包括F11基因[5]。这些研究结果表明,F11基因在血液凝固和中风发生机制中发挥着重要作用,可能是中风治疗和预防的潜在靶点。
综上所述,F11基因在血液凝固和中风发生机制中发挥着重要作用。F11基因的变异与血栓形成风险增加和遗传性FXI缺乏症相关。研究F11基因有助于深入理解血液凝固和中风的发生机制,为相关疾病的治疗和预防提供新的思路和策略。
参考文献:
1. Van Laer, Christine, Peerlinck, Kathelijne, Jacquemin, Marc, Labarque, Veerle, Freson, Kathleen. 2021. F11 Gene Duplication Causes Elevated FXI Plasma Levels and Is a Risk for Venous Thrombosis. In Thrombosis and haemostasis, 122, 1058-1060. doi:10.1055/s-0041-1739363. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34781376/
2. Mishra, Aniket, Malik, Rainer, Hachiya, Tsuyoshi, Dichgans, Martin, Debette, Stephanie. 2022. Stroke genetics informs drug discovery and risk prediction across ancestries. In Nature, 611, 115-123. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05165-3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36180795/
3. Ken-Dror, Gie, Martinelli, Ida, Grandone, Elvira, Ferro, José M, Sharma, Pankaj. 2024. Gene-Gene Interaction Between Factor-XI and ABO Genes in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: The BEAST Study. In Neurology, 102, e209445. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000209445. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38759137/
4. Gomez, K, Bolton-Maggs, P. 2008. Factor XI deficiency. In Haemophilia : the official journal of the World Federation of Hemophilia, 14, 1183-9. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2008.01667.x. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18312365/
5. Wu, Bang-Sheng, Chen, Shu-Fen, Huang, Shu-Yi, Dong, Qiang, Yu, Jin-Tai. 2022. Identifying causal genes for stroke via integrating the proteome and transcriptome from brain and blood. In Journal of translational medicine, 20, 181. doi:10.1186/s12967-022-03377-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35449099/
6. Wang, Huanhuan, Jiang, Shuting, Xie, Haixiao, Jin, Yanhui, Wang, Mingshan. . Genetic analysis of compound heterozygous pathogenic variants of the F11 gene in two Chinese patients with hereditary factor XI deficiency. In Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis, 33, 61-66. doi:10.1097/MBC.0000000000001105. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34799507/
7. Colakoglu, Seyma, Bayhan, Turan, Tavil, Betül, Aytaç, Selin, Berber, Ergul. 2016. Molecular genetic analysis of the F11 gene in 14 Turkish patients with factor XI deficiency: identification of novel and recurrent mutations and their inheritance within families. In Blood transfusion = Trasfusione del sangue, 16, 105-113. doi:10.2450/2016.0098-16. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27723456/