P2rx1,也称为P2X1受体,是一种重要的离子通道蛋白,属于P2X受体家族。P2X受体家族是一类由细胞外ATP激活的阳离子通道,它们在细胞信号传导、神经传递、炎症反应、免疫调节和肿瘤发生发展中发挥着重要作用。P2rx1受体在多种细胞类型中表达,包括神经元、免疫细胞、血管内皮细胞和上皮细胞等。P2rx1受体的激活可以引起细胞内钙离子浓度升高,进而触发一系列细胞内信号传导事件,如细胞增殖、分化、凋亡、炎症反应和免疫调节等。
在肿瘤微环境中,P2rx1受体在调节免疫细胞的功能和肿瘤细胞的生长方面发挥着重要作用。例如,在胰腺癌肝转移中,P2rx1阴性的中性粒细胞积累,并表达高水平的免疫抑制分子,如PD-L1,从而抑制了抗肿瘤免疫反应[1]。此外,P2rx1受体的激活还可以促进中性粒细胞释放细胞外陷阱(NETs),加剧肾脏缺血再灌注损伤[2]。在急性肝损伤中,P2rx1缺陷可以抑制STING-TBK1-P65信号通路,减轻线粒体功能障碍和炎症反应[3]。在结肠炎中,P2rx1的基因敲除可以抑制炎症反应,调节肠道菌群,并改善抗TNF-α治疗的疗效[4]。在急性胰腺炎中,P2rx1的激活可以促进中性粒细胞活化,加重炎症反应[5]。在严重烧伤后,P2rx1的表达水平与患者的生存率密切相关[6]。
P2rx1受体还与肿瘤的发生发展密切相关。例如,在肺腺癌中,P2rx1的表达水平与患者的生存率相关,并且P2rx1可以作为预测患者预后的标志物[7,8]。此外,P2rx1还可以调节肿瘤微环境中的免疫细胞浸润和免疫检查点基因的表达,从而影响肿瘤的免疫逃逸和免疫治疗效果。
综上所述,P2rx1受体在多种生物学过程中发挥着重要作用,包括细胞信号传导、炎症反应、免疫调节和肿瘤发生发展。P2rx1受体的激活或抑制可以影响多种细胞功能,如细胞增殖、分化、凋亡、炎症反应和免疫调节等。因此,P2rx1受体可能成为治疗多种疾病,如炎症性疾病、免疫性疾病和肿瘤等,的潜在靶点。
参考文献:
1. Wang, Xu, Hu, Li-Peng, Qin, Wei-Ting, Zhang, Xue-Li, Zhang, Zhi-Gang. 2021. Identification of a subset of immunosuppressive P2RX1-negative neutrophils in pancreatic cancer liver metastasis. In Nature communications, 12, 174. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20447-y. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33420030/
2. Zhuang, Shaoyong, Xia, Shengqiang, Huang, Peiqi, Yuan, Xiaodong, Wang, Xu. 2021. Targeting P2RX1 alleviates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by preserving mitochondrial dynamics. In Pharmacological research, 170, 105712. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105712. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34091010/
3. Yu, Yeping, Chang, Ling, Hu, Qingluan, Xia, Qiang, Zhao, Jie. 2023. P2rx1 deficiency alleviates acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure by regulating the STING signaling pathway. In Cell biology and toxicology, 39, 2761-2774. doi:10.1007/s10565-023-09800-1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37046119/
4. Wang, Xu, Yuan, Xiao, Su, Yuting, Hu, Lipeng, Dai, Chunhua. 2021. Targeting Purinergic Receptor P2RX1 Modulates Intestinal Microbiota and Alleviates Inflammation in Colitis. In Frontiers in immunology, 12, 696766. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.696766. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34354708/
5. Wang, Xu, Liu, Dadong, Qin, Weiting, Dai, Chunhua, Zhang, Danyi. 2021. P2RX1-Involved Glycolytic Metabolism Supports Neutrophil Activation in Acute Pancreatitis. In Frontiers in immunology, 11, 549179. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.549179. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33603729/
6. Huang, Shengyu, Ma, Qimin, Liao, Xincheng, Guo, Guanghua, Zhu, Feng. 2024. Identification of early coagulation changes associated with survival outcomes post severe burns from multiple perspectives. In Scientific reports, 14, 10457. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-61194-0. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38714778/
7. Ma, Chao, Luo, Huan, Cao, Jing, Zhang, Yanmin, Fu, Zongqiang. 2020. Identification of a Novel Tumor Microenvironment-Associated Eight-Gene Signature for Prognosis Prediction in Lung Adenocarcinoma. In Frontiers in molecular biosciences, 7, 571641. doi:10.3389/fmolb.2020.571641. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33102522/
8. Wen, Ziang, Pei, Bei, Dai, Longfei, Zhang, Chengxin, Ge, Shenglin. 2023. Risk factors analysis and survival prediction model establishment of patients with lung adenocarcinoma based on different pyroptosis-related gene subtypes. In European journal of medical research, 28, 601. doi:10.1186/s40001-023-01581-x. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38111060/